Arthritis is characterized by one or more joints that are swollen and painful. The main symptoms of arthritis are joint stiffness and pain, which typically worsen with age. The two most common types of arthritis are rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
In osteoarthritis, the smooth, firm substance called cartilage, which covers the ends of bones where they form joints, breaks down. Rheumatoid arthritis, on the other hand, is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system attacks the joints, beginning with the lining of the joints.
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Certain types of arthritis can benefit from physical therapy. Exercises can help strengthen the muscles around the joints and improve range of motion. In some cases, braces or splints may be required.
Doctors might suggest surgery if conservative treatments are ineffective. This could include:
Joint Restoration: Sometimes, joint surfaces are straightened or smoothed to reduce discomfort and improve function. These procedures are often done arthroscopically, which involves making small incisions around the joint.
Joint Replacement: This procedure involves removing the damaged joint and replacing it with an artificial one. The knees and hips are the most commonly replaced joints.
Joint Fusion: This treatment is commonly used for smaller joints such as the wrist, ankle, and fingers. The ends of the bones in the joint are removed and then fused together until the joint heals into a single, rigid unit.
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